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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of Astragali Radix （AR）-Angelicae Sinensis Radix （ASR） drug pair on supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation in rats with Qi deficiency and blood stasis and provide a theoretical basis for clinical rational medication and identification and quality control of compound pharmacodynamic substances from the three aspects of characteristic map， identification of pharmacodynamic substances， and comparison of blood components. MethodHigh-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was employed to establish the fingerprint of AR∶ASR （3∶1）， and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS） was employed to analyze the ingredients of the decoction. Adult male Wistar rats with SPF grades were selected and randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a 3∶1 group， and a 5∶1 group. The rat model of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome was prepared by controlling food intake and swimming in cold water every day. In parallel， each group was given medicine （or water） once a day. The dose of drug groups was 10.2 g∙kg-1， and the model group and blank group were given the same amount of distilled water for 15 d. Animal behavior， body weight， whole blood and plasma viscosity， thymus index， spleen index， the levels of adenosine triphosphate （ATP）， adenosine diphosphate（ADP）， von willebrand factor （vWF）， and ATP/ADP value in serum of rats were recorded. The morphology of vascular endothelium was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and scanning electron microscopy. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS was used to analyze prototype and metabolic components in serum. ResultThe fingerprint of AR-ASR drug pair （AR-ASR 3∶1） was established. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS identified 49 chemical components in vitro and preliminarily identified 11 prototype components absorbed into blood in vivo. As compared with the blank group， the body mass decreased significantly （P<0.01）， the whole blood （high shear， middle shear， and low shear） viscosity and plasma viscosity were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the thymus index and spleen index decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）， serum ATP content decreased significantly （P<0.01）， ADP content increased significantly （P<0.01）， ATP/ADP value decreased significantly （P<0.01）， and vWF content increased significantly （P<0.01）. The results of HE staining and scanning electron microscopy showed that the vessels were partially damaged， showing the structural disorder of the intima， the bulge， defect， and roughness of the endothelium， and the obvious cell adhesion and migration in the model group. As compared with the model group， the body mass also increased significantly （P<0.01）. The results of whole blood and plasma viscosity showed that the whole blood low shear viscosity was significantly decreased in the 3∶1 group （P<0.05）. The results of thymus index and spleen index showed that 5∶1 group significantly increased the thymus index of rats （P<0.05）. The results of serum ATP and ADP levels showed that the 5∶1 group had more significant effects on ATP and ADP levels （P<0.05）， and both groups significantly reduced ATP/ADP values （P<0.01）. The results of serum vWF level showed that the vWF content in the 3∶1 group decreased significantly （P<0.05）. The results of HE staining and scanning electronic microscopy showed that the damage of vascular endothelium was improved in the treatment group and the structure of intima was neat. ConclusionAR-ASR drug pair can improve the macro and micro indexes of rats with qi deficiency and blood stasis in the 3∶1 and 5∶1 groups. Overall， the 5∶1 ratio has a better effect on supplementing Qi but 3∶1 ratio has a better effect on promoting blood circulation.
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Jiawei Xiaoyao San (JWXYS) has shown excellent clinical efficacy in anxiety disorder, but has not yet attracted widespread attention. The animal experiments, clinical trials and mechanism studies of JWXYS were reviewed in this article, which may provide a reference for developing new anxiolytic drugs based on this prescription. The literature was searched in PubMed and CNKI and the documents written in English or with English abstracts were selected. JWXYS could reduce the anxiety symptoms of patients alone and reduce the adverse reactions when it is used in combination with other drugs in the clinic. In preclinical studies, JWXYS also showed therapeutic effects in reducing anxiety-like behavior. The mechanisms may include improving the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis and hormone disorders, increasing neurotransmitter content, neurogenesis, and regulating the synthesis of related enzymes. This article shows that JWXYS could effectively treat anxiety disorders by regulating the central nervous system. In the future, with the participation of more researchers, it is expected to develop innovative drugs for the treatment of anxiety disorders based on JWXYS.
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【Objective:】 To investigate the current situation of attitudes and training needs of hospice care among nursing staff in Hainan Province, and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide basis for formulating scientific and standardized hospice care training programs for nursing staff. 【Methods:】 From October to December in 2021, a total of 1 819 nursing staff from 45 general hospitals, specialized hospitals and nursing homes in 14 cities and counties of Hainan province were selected by convenience sampling method to conduct the questionnaire on hospice care attitude and training needs. 【Results:】 1 789 valid questionnaires were collected with effective recovery of 98.35%. Nursing staff hospice care attitude score was (88.13±12.10) points, the standard score was 70.4 points, hospice care attitude was at medium level. Nursing staff training needs score was (26.96±5.16) points, the standard score was 89.87, the needs of each dimension and item were higher than 75.1%, the training needs were at high level. Professional title, currently engaged in hospice care services, and willingness to engage in hospice care services were the influencing factors of hospice care training needs (P<0.05), and the hospital, have witnessed the death of dying patients or relatives, willingness to engage in hospice care services were the main influencing factors of nurses’ attitude toward hospice care (P<0.05). 【Conclusion:】 At present, nursing staff in Hainan Province held a moderate attitude towards hospice care, and had a high demand for training. The major obstacles for nursing staff to engage in hospice care at present were high stress in the face of dying patients and symptom management. Nursing managers should combine the current situation, pay attention to stimulate nurses’ intrinsic motivation, strengthen the training of nursing staff’s concept of hospice nursing, construct a diversified training system, and carry out specialized and modular skill practice and theoretical training to improve nursing staff’s hospice care ability.
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Background@#Due to the unavailability of an effective vaccine or antiviral drug against the African swine fever virus (ASFV), rapid diagnosis methods are needed to prevent highly contagious African swine fever. @*Objectives@#The objective of this study was to establish the ladder-shape melting temperature isothermal amplification (LMTIA) assay for the detection of ASFV. @*Methods@#LMTIA primers were designed with the p72 gene of ASFV as the target, and plasmid pUC57 was used to clone the gene. The LMTIA reaction system was optimized with the plasmid as the positive control, and the performance of the LMTIA assay was compared with that of the commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit in terms of sensitivity and detection rate using 200 serum samples. @*Results@#Our results showed that the LMTIA assay could detect the 10 4 dilution of DNA extracted from the positive reference serum sample, which was the same as that of the commercial real-time PCR kit. The coincidence rate between the two assays was 100%. @*Conclusions@#The LMTIA assay had high sensitivity, good detection, and simple operation. Thus, it is suitable for facilitating preliminary and cost-effective surveillance for the prevention and control of ASFV.
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Na?ve CD4 + T cells differentiate into a variety of T helper (Th) subsets that secrete various cytokines to exert biological effects. Th22 cells, a novel identified CD4 + T cell subset, are distinct from Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell subsets. Th22 cells express chemokine receptors CCR4, CCR6 and CCR10, and secrete multiple cytokines such as IL-22, IL-13 and TNF-α, but not IL-17, IL-4 IFN-γ; and IL-22 is considered as major effector cytokine of Th22. The understanding on functions and differentiation mechanisms of Th22 cells have been constantly improved, and Th22 cells play important roles in human common viral infections. The article reviews the current advances about the characteristics, function, differentiation of Th22 cells, the roles of Th22 cells and the key molecules in several human common viral infections, which would provide novel immune strategies for the prevention and treatment of human viral infection.
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Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a clinically effective therapy in anemia, for example in patients with malignancies (Shander et al., 2020), bleeding (Odutayo et al., 2017), and preoperative anemia (Padmanabhan et al., 2019). The past few decades have witnessed a shortage of blood for transfusion due to limited health insurance coverage for blood use and the rapid expansion of hospitals (Chen et al., 2011; Shi et al., 2014). Blood donation levels may easily be affected by general changes in the environment, policy, major events such as disasters, and public sentiment (Hu et al., 2019). Meanwhile, the transfusion of allogeneic RBC is a double-edged sword, increasing the possibility of infectious and immunological complications, and also leading to higher morbidity and mortality after transfusion (Frank et al., 2012). Considering that the continual shortfall has been increasingly prominent, identifying the factors associated with RBC transfusion could help blood transfusion departments to improve their supply of blood products as well as their inventory management (O'Donnell et al., 2018).
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Objective:To evaluate the multi-leaf collimator (MLC) performance of TrueBeam accelerator using trajectory log files.Methods:All tests were performed 5 times under different gantry-collimator angle combination. The 1 mm picket fences were constructed by static or dynamic MLC. The control ability for small-field accuracy of accelerator was evaluated. Repeatability was assessed by MLC repeat motion. The movement performance of difference velocities along one direction and the opposite direction were evaluated via a 1 cm picket fences which slipped from -7 cm to 7 cm with a uniform velocity and stopped or immediately back at 7 cm. The MLC performance in a complex program was evaluated by a cross movement test.Results:Both the static and the dynamic picket fences yielded high accuracy. The deviation spectrums of MLC in different gantry angle were consistent, however, an absolute difference of 0.001 1 mm was found. For uniform velocity movement tests with 0°gantry, the RMSE of MLC was increased from 0.015 0 mm to 0.059 8 mm when the speed was accelerated from 5 mm/s to 25 mm/s. Similar results were obtained in non-zero gantry angle. The "overspeed" effect caused by the direction change movement of MLC was less obvious than that caused by speed changed from zero to a uniform velocity movement state. There was no significant change in speed before and after the MLC crossing. The MLC speed fluctuated around the set value, which was independent of the gantry angle.Conclusion:A method for evaluating the performance of MLC using trajectory log files is established, which can evaluate the MLC performance of TrueBeam accelerator and be used for MLC rapid quality control in clinical practice.
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Objective:To detect and analyze the contents of eight metal elements in water samples of plague foci in Yunnan Province.Methods:During the period from December 2015 to November 2016, the plague foci of Yulong, Jianchuan and Lianghe were selected as sampling sites, water samples were collected in areas with rodent activities in the 4 seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. The contents of eight metal elements calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), plumbum (Pb), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd) and cuprum (Cu) in water samples were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and the data [median (interquartile distance)] were statistically analyzed.Results:Twenty-six, 58 and 54 water samples were collected from Yulong, Jianchuan and Lianghe plague foci, respectively. The contents of metal elements of Pb and Cd in water samples of the three plague foci [Yulong: 0.19 (0.78) and 0.08 (0.07) mg/L; Jianchuan: 0.23 (0.56) and 0.03 (0.06) mg/L; Lianghe: 0.13 (0.61) and 0.09 (0.08) mg/L] were higher than that of "Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water" (Pb: 0.10 mg/L, Cd: 0.01 mg/L). There were significant differences in the contents of Ca and Cd elements among the three regions ( P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the contents of the other 6 metal elements among the three regions ( P > 0.05). The content of Ca element was the highest in Yulong plague foci, and the lowest in Lianghe plague foci ( P < 0.017). In the Yulong plague foci, there was no statistically significant difference in the content of Fe element in different seasons ( P > 0.05), and the differences in the contents of the other 7 metal elements were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of Cr element in Jianchuan plague foci in different seasons ( P > 0.05), and the differences in the content of the other 7 metal elements were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of Ca element in Lianghe plague foci in different seasons ( P > 0.05), and the differences in the content of the other 7 metal elements were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The metal element contents of Pb and Cd are relatively abundant in water samples from 3 plague foci of Yunnan Province, and the seasonal variation trend of metal element content in water samples of Yulong and Jianchuan plague foci is similar.
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Objective:To determine the content of Chikusetsu saponin Ⅳa in the roots, stems and leaves in Panacis japonici rhizoma, and explore its development value. Methods:By using High Performance Lliquid Chromatography (HPLC) method to determine the content of Chikusetsu saponin Ⅳa in the roots, stems and leave of Panacis japonici rhizoma. Inertsil ODS-sp (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) was used as the column and the acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid (35:65) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 ml/min with the temperature 35 ℃ under wavelength 210 nm. Results:The linear ranged from 1-10 μg of Chikusetsu saponin Ⅳa was good ( r=0.999 5). The content of Chikusetsu saponin Ⅳa in the roof, stem and leaf were 2.169%, 0.269%, 0.169%, respectively. Conclusions:The roof of Panacis japonici rhizoma contains the highest level of Chikusetsu saponin Ⅳa followed by stem and leaf. The roof part could be used as the medical part and its stem and leaf are also valuable for further development.
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Objective@#To learn the disinfection effect and its influencing factors of drinking water in rural areas of Zhejiang Province,so as to provide scientific basis for the control of microbial pollution in drinking water and prevention of waterborne diseases. @*Methods@#A total of 5 299 samples from 879 rural water plants Zhejiang Province were collected by stratified sampling method in 2017. The disinfection effect of water samples was assessed quality according to GB 5749-2006 Hygienic Standards for Drinking Water. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors for disinfection effect of rural drinking water. @*Results@#There were 540 rural water plants in Zhejiang Province adopting routine process for water purification,accounting for 61.43%;771 ones using surface water,accounting for 87.72%. About 4 458 samples（84.13%）were disinfected and the qualified rate was 86.05%,22.32% of which were disinfected by chlorine dioxide and the qualified rate was 100.00%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that scale of water plant,disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment,disinfection,season and source water turbidity were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of rural drinking water（P<0.05）;disinfection,disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment and source water turbidity were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of finished water（P<0.05）;disinfection,disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment,source water turbidity and scale of water plant were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of tap water（P<0.05）;disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment,source water turbidity and scale of water plant were the influencing factors forthe disinfection effect of surface water（P<0.05）;disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment,source water turbidity and pH were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of groundwater（P<0.05）.@*Conclusion@#The disinfection effect of drinking water in rural areas of Zhejiang Province is associated with source water quality,scale of plants,water purification technique and so on. The disinfection process should be improved,the management of water plants should be strengthened to reduce the risk of microbial contamination.
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Objective To investigate the geographic landscape features in Yulong plague natural focus.Methods Four altitudinal gradients (2 400-,2 600-,2 800-,≥3 000 m) were selected as study objects in Yulong plague natural focus from December 2015 to November 2016 to collect and analyze geographic landscape factors (topography and terrain,climate,water areas,vegetation and soil) based on the literatures about this plague focus.Results Yulong plague natural focus was an area with mid-mountain and subalpine topography in northwestern Yunnan Province,and its terrain had the character of lower in the southeast and higher in the northwest.This area belonged to plateau warm temperate monsoon climate of low latitude with an average month temperature 13.6 ℃ from 2005-2016,month air relative humidity averaged 59.4％,and rainfall averaged 884.5 mm a year,which concentrated mostly from June to September.About 98.1％ of the water area in Yulong County was controlled by Chin-sha River.The vegetation and soil were characterized by vertical distribution along with altitude gradients obviously.Conclusion The unique geographical landscape of the plague natural focus in Yulong County is one of important factors affecting the occurrence and epidemic of the plague.
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Objective To evaluate the feasibility of total marrow and lymphatic irradiation (TMLI)with helical tomotherapy as a conditioning regimen before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods Seven children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and aplastic anemia were recruited as study subjects.The median age was 7 years old.The prescribed dose was 12 Gy/6 fractions twice daily.The exposure dose of the target and the organs at risk between helical helical tomotherapy-based TMLI regimen and total body irradiation (TBI) regimen were statistically compared,and acute toxicity grading was performed for all patients.Results Compared with the TBI regimen,the average exposure dose reduction for organs at risk after the TMLI regimen was ranged from 4.2％ to 40.6％.The average exposure dose reduction for the kidney was the largest among all organs.The acute toxicities experienced by all patients were graded and recorded including 2 cases of nausea,5 cases of vomiting,1 case of anorexia,1 case of eryhema,3 cases of diarrhea,and 1 case of oral mucositis.Only grade 1-2 toxicities were observed,and no grade 3-4 toxicities occurred.Conclusions The findings in this study confirm the feasibility of helical helical tomotherapy-based TMLI regimen.Compared with the TBI regimen,the mean duration of treatment for the TMLI regimen with an equivalent dose is not increased.The exposure dose experienced by organs at risk is reduced and the predicted incidence rate is decreased when the TMLI regimen is employed,which provides a myeloablative pretreatment strategy.However,the long-term toxicity of TMLI regime remains to be evaluated by clinical trials.
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Objective To investigate the community structure and spatial distribution of wild myomorpha in the plague foci of Lianghe County,Yunnan Province.Methods From December 2015 to October 2016,in Mangdong,Hexi,Nangsong and other places in Lianghe County,forest landscape samples were randomly selected in different altitude gradients (1 000 ～,1 200 ～,1 400 ～,≥ 1 600 m).Peanut was used as a bait for trapping myomorpha,and the community structure of myomorpha was analyzed.Results A total of 663 myomorpha were collected and the density was 7.97％ (663/8 320),which were divided into 16 species,11 genus,5 families,and 3 orders.Rattus tanezumi (30.62％,203/663) was the dominant species.In the 1 000-＜ 1 200 m altitude gradient,the richness of myomorpha was the highest (13 kinds).In the 1 400-＜ 1 600 m altitude gradient,the index of diversity (2.094 2) was the highest.With the increase of altitude,the ecological dominance were increased,and the values were 0.672 2,0.774 2,0.842 8,and 0.882 4,respectively,whereas the evenness presented a decreasing trend,and the values were 0.269 2,0.197 1,0.142 8,and 0.162 0.Conclusions The Rattus tanezumi has presented a single dominant distribution at different elevation and the number and the species of the wild rodent with superior position have increased with the altitude increased in Lianghe focus.With the increase of altitude,the diversity and the evenness have increased,whereas the richness and the dominance have decreased.
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Objective To compare and analyze the soil eight metal elements contents of rat holes of three plague foci in Yunnan Province.Methods The soils were collected from the rat holes in Yulong,Jianchuan,and Lianghe plague foci.Calcium (Ca),iron (Fe),zinc (Zn),chromium (Cr),lead (Pb),manganese (Mn),cadmium (Cd),and copper (Cu) were quantified with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).Data input,calculation and collation were conducted through Excel 2007,and statistical software SPSS 20.0 was used to carried out statistical analysis through rank sum test.Results The medians of Ca content in the rat hole soil of Yulong County,Jianchuan County,and Lianghe County,respectively,were 85.40,308.56,and 0.00 mg/kg;the medians of Fe were 2 569.07,1 950.16,and 975.72 mg/kg;the medians of Zn were 5.64,4.02,and 2.04 mg/kg;the medians of Cr were 1.09,3.06,and 0.71 mg/kg;the medians of Pb were 3.61,29.56,and 22.80 mg/kg;the medians of Mn were 223.01,212.97,and 80.43 mg/kg;the medians of Cd were 0.00,2.02,and 2.94 mg/kg;and the medians of Cu were 1.92,1.08,and 0.51 mg/kg.The contents of eight metal elements were statistically different in the soil samples between Yulong,Jianchuan,and Lianghe plague foci (H =80.538,127.687,202.583,185.359,124.747,150.057,91.346,228.546,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The content of Fe in soil of the three plague foci in Yunnan Province is abundant.The contents of metal elements of Yulong County and Jianchuan County are similar.
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Objective To investigate the optimal distance between the upper and lower targets in the subsection total body irradiation(TBI)using helical tomotherapy,and to analyze the dose distribution of abutment regions. Methods A total of 8 patients with acute leukemia with a height of about 120 cm were involved in the study. All patients were scanned from the calvarium to the toe by computerized tomography (CT,Siemens)with a thickness of 5 mm,and a lead wire was placed at a point 10 cm above the patella as a marker of the boundary between the upper and lower targets. The delineation of target volumes and organs at risk(OAR)was performed in the Varian Eclipse 10.0 doctor workstation. The different distances between the lead wires and the boundary of the two targets were delineated, and images were transferred to the HT workstation to design the radiotherapy planning,including Jaw width(5 cm),modulation factor(1.8),and pitch(0.43). The plans were superimposed together, and then the dose distribution in abutment regions with different target gaps was analyzed to find the optimal distance. Results When the target gap was 5 cm, the dose distribution in abutment regions was satisfactory. However,the dose was obviously insufficient when the gap was more than 5 cm;the doses in abutment regions significantly exceeded the prescribed doses when the gap was less than 5 cm. Conclusions In the subsection TBI using HT, different parameters were designed,including Jaw width(5 cm), modulation factor(1.8), pitch(0.43), and slice thickness(5 mm). The upper and lower borders of the targets should be 2.5 cm away from the lead wire,that is,a gap of 5 cm,thus avoiding the dose-related hot or cold spots in the target convergence and ensuring a safer and more accurate radiotherapy.
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Objective The attitude towards death and hospice care was surveyed among 170 medical staff in geriatrics department and ICU of Renji Hospital and Tangqiao Community Health Service Center with the Revised Attitude towards Death Scale ( in Chinese ) and a self-designed questionnaire , and 158 valid questionnaires were received .The average score of negative attitude to death was 37.0 ±8.4 and the influencing factor was positions (P=0.02).The average score of positive attitude to death was 28.8 ± 4.3, and the influencing factors were positions (P=0.01)and religious belief (P=0.02).The mean score of attitude toward hospice care was 35.4 ±3.9 and the marital status(P=0.00)was the independent factor . It is necessary for medical staff to participate in professional training for death education , which would make them to take better care for terminal stage patients with rationality and sensibility .
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Plague,a highly virulent zoonotic disease,is caused by Yersinia pestis.Eco-geographic landscape plays an important role in the formation and evolution of plague natural foci.We explored the relationship between geographic landscape and plague as well as related techniques,which will be helpful for clarifying the suitable habitats,identifying the vulnerability of geographic environment,and preventing and controlling the occurrence of plague effectively.
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Objective To investigate the influence of Zafirlukast on the inflammatory factors and immune function of patients with seasonal allergic asthma.Methods 182 patients with seasonal allergic asthma from the department of respiratory in our hospital were selected and divided into two groups, 91 cases in each group.The control group treated with budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation, the experiment group received Zafirlukast on the basis of the control group,serum levels of inflammatory cytokines,peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets,serum immunoglobulin levels, lung function,and the clinical effect were compared after the treatment.Results Compared with the control group, serum levels of TNF-,IL-4,IL-6 were lower, level of IL-10 was higher in the experiment group after treatment, CD8 +T lymphocyte levels was lower, CD3 +, CD4 +T lymphocyte and CD4 +/CD8 +ratio levels were higher after treatment, serum levels of IgE, IgG, IgA were lower after treatment, levels of PEF,FEV1 ,FEV1/FVC were higher after treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The effective rate in the experiment group 94.51% was higher than the control group 81.32% (P<0.05).Conclusion Zafirlukast can significantly reduce the levels of serum inflammatory factors in patients with seasonal allergic asthma, improve the cellular immune function, reduce the level of immunoglobulin, effectively improve lung function, shorten the length of hospital stay, has better clinical curative effect.
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The methylation of tumor suppressor microRNAs,also known as tumor suppressor microRNA (TS-miRNA),plays an important role in the occurrence and development of leukemia.Methylation of microRNAs usually lead to aberrant proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and metastasis of tumor.It has been proved that mcthylation is also involved in unregulated oncogene expression and ceil cycle in leukemia.Most of the aberrant methylation can be revered by demethylation reagents.Research on the aberrant methylations and the role in the occurrence and development of leukemia may improve the evaluation criteria of diagnosis and prognosis,which will propose a new treatment perspective.
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Circulating DNA is defined as a kind of extracellular DNA that exists in plasma,cerebrospinal fluid and synovial fluid.The concentration of circulating DNA of cancer patients is significantly higher than that in healthy people.The genetic and epigenetic alterations of circulating cell-free nucleic acids are relevant to cancer development and progression,for example,gene mutation,DNA methylation and microsatellite instability and so on.The quantitative and qualitative detection of circulating DNA shows promising potential value in cancer screening,diagnosis,disease monitoring treatment and prognosis.